Flacco ME, Ferrante M, Fiore M, Marzuillo C, La Vecchia C, Gualano MR, Liguori G, Fragassi G, Carradori T, Bravi F, Siliquini R, Ricciardi W, Villari P, Manzoli L
Nicotine increases gastric motility and enhances the gastrocolic reflex, leading to more frequent and urgent bowel movements
Moreover, both FDA and CDC are actively investigating the incidence of severe respiratory symptoms associated with the use of vaping products [77]
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It is unknown whether the prolonged use of e-cigarettes will result in continued adverse cardiovascular effects and/or if the identified mechanisms will be impacted in the same pattern over a longer period of time